Advanced response surface method for mechanical reliability analysis

Based on the classical response surface method (RSM), a novel RSM using improved experimental points (EPs) is presented for reliability analysis. Two novel points are included in the presented method. One is the use of linear interpolation, from which the total EPs for determining the RS are selected to be closer to the actual failure surface; the other is the application of sequential linear interpolation to control the distance between the surrounding EPs and the center EP, by which the presented method can ensure that the RS fits the actual failure surface in the region of maximum likelihood as the center EPs converge to the actual most probable point (MPP). Since the fitting precision of the RS to the actual failure surface in the vicinity of the MPP, which has significant contribution to the probability of the failure surface being exceeded, is increased by the presented method, the precision of the failure probability calculated by RS is increased as well. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

A note on the diffraction of an obliquely incident surface wave by a partially immersed fixed vertical barrier

The problem of the diffraction of surface waves, obliquely incident on a partially immersed fixed vertical barrier in deep water, is solved approximately by reducing it to the solution of an integral equation, for small angle of incidence of the incident wave. The corrections to the reflection and transmission coefficients over their normal incidence values for small angle of incidence are obtained and presented graphically for some intermediate values of wave numbers.     

Action of a Periodic Load on an Elastic Floating Plate

The problem of the behavior of an elastic floating plate in the form of a strip under the action of a periodic surface load is solved using the Wiener-Hopf technique. The shortwave approximation is found in explicit form. The effect of the frequency and nature of the acting load on the vibration amplitudes of the fluid and the plate is investigated numerically. It is found that for certain loads no waves propagate in the fluid and the vibrations of the plate are localized in the neighborhood of the acting load. Conditions under which local vibration can be realized are found.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, 2005, pp. 132–146.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tkacheva.     

A connection between linear normal modes and lines of curvature on the potential surface

For the N-degree-of-freedom of linear conservative vibratory systems, the corresponding potential functions can be viewed as N-hypersurfaces in (N + 1)-dimensional space. In this paper, a connection between the geometrical properties (principal curvatures, curvature lines) of potential surfaces and the vibratory characteristics (natural frequencies, linear modes) of the system is built. It is proved that the linear normal modes are exactly the projections of the lines of curvature on the potential surface onto the configuration space with metric m_ij (the mass-matrix); and that the squared natural frequencies are exactly the principal curvatures, at the origin of the configuration space, of the potential surface.     

The reference shrinkage curve of clay soil

The objective of this work is to develop and validate a model that predicts the reference soil shrinkage curve, that is one without crack volume contribution, as a necessary preliminary step in future estimation of soil crack volume from soil shrinkage data. Current soil shrinkage models are based on the approximation of soil shrinkage data by some a priori taken mathematical expressions and justified by the fitting of their parameters to the data. However, the crack volume entering the data is not single valued and depends on shrinkage conditions. Unlike that the reference shrinkage curve is single valued. For soils with sufficiently high clay content when there are no large pores (lacunar pores) inside the intra-aggregate clay, the reference shrinkage curve is derived from the assumption of the rigid superficial (interface) layer of aggregates with changed pore-size range and distribution compared with the intra-aggregate matrix. This consideration is based on accounting for contributions of the interface aggregate layer and intra-aggregate matrix to the soil volume and water content during shrinkage. The reference shrinkage curve is predicted by eight fundamental physical immediately measured parameters of (i) the intra-aggregate matrix (including clay content); (ii) the aggregate structure; and (iii) the mean silt-sand grain size or mean interface layer thickness. The model was validated using the data for eight soils. In addition to the major potential application for estimating a soil crack volume, the model explains differences between the observed shrinkage curves of soil and pure clay, and it can have other numerous applications.     

PARTICLE PROPERTIES—PROMISE AND NEGLECT

We see two major trends in Particle Technology. First, the focus is shifted from unit operations towards functional products, i.e. towards product engineering. Second, modeling will become more and more important. Processes cannot yet be designed from basic molecular understanding. Nanotechnology, however, begins to bridge this gap between molecules and particles and may thus open new ways not only for the production and handling of particulate matter but also for the engineered design of advanced material properties. Starting from the concept of product engineering we investigate the basic preconditions for tailoring nanoparticulate properties, i.e. the control of the particle interactions. Nanotechnology can only be transferred to industrial production if the interactions are effectively controlled. Material and particle properties are essential for predictive models. Although strong tools like MD, DEM or population balance models are available, these models are only predictive if realistic material and particle properties are available which is often not the case. We show for selected examples how particle properties can be obtained by studying the physically relevant elementary processes. The impact breakage behavior of many different materials is described by a master curve. Particle adhesion can be modeled if the roughness of particle and substrate and the Hamaker constant are known. The latter is obtained from adsorption studies.     

考虑疲劳裂纹扩展三维效应的James—Anderson修正方法

James-Anderson方法是一种借助材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率性能来确定三维裂纹应力强度因子的重要实验方法。本文对James-Anderson方法中的疲劳裂纹扩展三维效应进行了分析，并对其进行修正。修正后的James-Anderson方法考虑了疲劳裂纹扩展中由于应力状态而引起的三维效应。研究结果表明：和James-Anderson方法相比，修正后的James-Anderson方法得到的应力强度因子和三维数值方法所得的应力强度因子更吻合。     

具有规则表面织构的超高分子量聚乙烯髋臼表面温度分析

就人工关节中广泛使用的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)髋臼在运行中的瞬态表面温度场进行了理论计算,与理想光滑表面对比考察了微球表面织构对接触压力分布的影响及其引起的表面温度变化.结果表明,基于光滑表面计算得到的髋臼表面温度偏低,而基于规则织构表面计算得到的温度与文献值接近;髋臼表面温度随摩擦系数和载荷增加而升高,随关节摆动而呈现周期性变化.     

一种不锈轴承钢离子束增强沉积表面的微观分析和摩擦学性能研究

利用离子束增强沉积技术，在将Ｔｉ用Ａｒ＾＋束溅沉积到淬火态９Ｃｒ１８Ｍｏ不锈轴承钢表面的同时，分别用Ａｒ＾＋，Ｎ＾＋和Ｃ＾＋轰击试样表面，制取了增强沉积的表面改性层     

聚氨酯在磨粒侵蚀条件下的表面化学效应

在工程实际中，由于高分材料的抗磨粒侵蚀性能都比较而得到了广泛的应用，然而载至目前，所见这类材料在磨粒侵蚀磨损机理方面的研究报道相当之少，而且仅局限于物理过程的考察。因此，对聚氨酯在磨粒侵蚀条件下的表面化学效应进行了试验研究。利用扫描电子显微镜、Ｘ射线光电子能谱仪和傅立叶表面红外分析仪，对这种高分子材料在磨粒侵蚀磨损前后表面的微观形貌、元素组成、结合能和官能闭进行了分析。